Online Library

Welcome to VOX-Pol’s Online Library, a research and teaching resource, which collects in one place a large volume of publications related to various aspects of violent online political extremism.

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Type	Title	Year	Author	Links
Journal	Beating ISIS in the Digitial Space: Focus Testing ISIS Defector Counter-Narrative Videos with American College Students View Abstract Beating ISIS in the Digitial Space: Focus Testing ISIS Defector Counter-Narrative Videos with American College Students ISIS recruits on a 24/7 basis in over 21 languages over the Internet using videos, memes, tweets and other social media postings and swarming in on anyone that retweets, likes or endorses their materials to try to seduce them into the group. Their unprecedented social media drive has resulted in over 30,000 foreign fighters from more than 100 countries migrating to Syria and Iraq. ISIS recruitment in the U.S. is for the most part Internet based and has resulted in the actual and attempted recruitment of over 100 individuals residing in the U.S. with over 200 Americans traveling to Syria to join terrorist groups. To date very little counter-narrative material exists and most of it is cognitive versus emotionally impactful. The International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) Breaking the ISIS Brand – the ISIS Defectors Interviews Project has managed to collect 43 ISIS defector interviews and thus far produce two video clips of ISIS defectors denouncing the group which were focus tested in this research in a small normative college student sample of 75 undergraduate students. The results demonstrate that American college students find the videos authentic, disturbing and turn them away from ISIS, fulfilling the goals that the project is aiming for in producing counter-narrative materials. View Full Article	2017	McDowell-Smith, A., Speckhard, A., and Yayla, A.	View Publisher
Journal Article	Is the Internet an Incubator for Radicalisation View Abstract Is the Internet an Incubator for Radicalisation This blog post explores the reasons why some online ideological groups take action while others do not and focuses on to what extent the online communications of ideological groups contribute to direct collective action. In order to address this question, we examined a number of online groups using a variety of criteria, including the way they express their group identity online, the narratives they use to imbue their ideologies with legitimacy, and the goals or actions they advocate. We compared these criteria to the actions that the groups have taken, and goals they accomplished. Our research also explores communication processes and the use of persuasive narratives in an online setting through a number of case studies. These observations provide insight into the decision-making of groups in an online setting and the ways that narrative and discourse are used to justify taking certain actions. We discuss here findings from two of these case studies, on the American Resistance Movement (ARM), an online community related to the American Patriot movement and the online hacktivist group Anonymous. We will set out how the concepts of ideology and identity impact on each case, how these relate to the types of actions advocated and taken, and, briefly, the differing effect of anonymity. View Full Article	2015	McGinn, I. and Joinson, A.	View Publisher
VOX-Pol Blog	Is the Internet an Incubator for Radicalisation? View Abstract Is the Internet an Incubator for Radicalisation? VOX-Pol Blog post. View Full Article	2015	McGinn, I. and Joinson, A.	View Publisher
VOX-Pol Blog	Computational Social Science: Understanding Terrorist Attacks on Twitter View Abstract Computational Social Science: Understanding Terrorist Attacks on Twitter VOX-Pol Blog post. View Full Article	2016	McGrath, E.C. and Buntain, C.	View Publisher
Report	The Radicalization Risks Of GPT-3 And Advanced Neural Language Models View Abstract The Radicalization Risks Of GPT-3 And Advanced Neural Language Models In 2020, OpenAI developed GPT-3, a neural language model that is capable of sophisticated natural language generation and completion of tasks like classification, question-answering, and summarization. While OpenAI has not opensourced the model’s code or pre-trained weights at the time of writing, it has built an API to experiment with the model’s capacity. The Center on Terrorism, Extremism, and Counterterrorism (CTEC) evaluated the GPT-3 API for the risk of weaponization by extremists who may attempt to use GPT-3 or hypothetical unregulated models to amplify their ideologies and recruit to their communities. View Full Article	2020	McGuffie, K. and Newhouse, A.	View Publisher
VOX-Pol Blog	Drawing the Line Between Free Speech and Online Radicalisation View Abstract Drawing the Line Between Free Speech and Online Radicalisation VOX-Pol Blog post. View Full Article	2015	Mchangama, J.	View Publisher

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