Online Library

Welcome to VOX-Pol’s Online Library, a research and teaching resource, which collects in one place a large volume of publications related to various aspects of violent online political extremism.

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Type	Title	Year	Author	Links
Journal Article	All You Need Is “Love”: Evading Hate Speech Detection View Abstract All You Need Is “Love”: Evading Hate Speech Detection With the spread of social networks and their unfortunate use for hate speech, automatic detection of the latter has become a pressing problem. In this paper, we reproduce seven state-of-the-art hate speech detection models from prior work, and show that they perform well only when tested on the same type of data they were trained on. Based on these results, we argue that for successful hate speech detection, model architecture is less important than the type of data and labeling criteria. We further show that all proposed detection techniques are brittle against adversaries who can (automatically) insert typos, change word boundaries or add innocuous words to the original hate speech. A combination of these methods is also effective against Google Perspective – a cuttingedge solution from industry. Our experiments demonstrate that adversarial training does not completely mitigate the attacks, and using character-level features makes the models systematically more attack-resistant than using word-level features. View Full Article	2018	Gröndahl, T., Pajola, L., Juuti, M., Conti, M. and Asokan, N.	View Publisher
Report	Algorithms as a weapon against women View Abstract Algorithms as a weapon against women View Full Article	2022	Reset Australia	View Publisher
VOX-Pol Blog	Algorithmic Transparency and Content Amplification View Abstract Algorithmic Transparency and Content Amplification VOX-Pol Blog Post. View Full Article	2021	Whitter-Jones, A.	View Publisher
VOX-Pol Blog	Algorithmic Hate: Brenton Tarrant and the Dark Social Web View Abstract Algorithmic Hate: Brenton Tarrant and the Dark Social Web VOX-Pol Blog Post. View Full Article	2019	Munn, L.	View Publisher
Journal Article	Algorithmic extremism? The securitization of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on radicalism, polarization and political violence View Abstract Algorithmic extremism? The securitization of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on radicalism, polarization and political violence This paper analyses how AI and algorithms are being used to radicalize, polarize, and spread racism and political instability. AI and algorithms are not just tools deployed by national security agencies but contributors to polarization, radicalism and political violence. Securitization processes are a missing link to understanding how AI has been designed and used and to the harmful outcomes that it has generated. Reconceptualizing AI-enabled conflict is necessary in a way that is more aware of the human, social and psychological impacts of the technology. View Full Article	2023	Burton, J.	View Publisher
VOX-Pol Blog	Al-Shabaab Returns to Twitter View Abstract Al-Shabaab Returns to Twitter VOX-Pol Blog post. View Full Article	2016	Mair, D.	View Publisher

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