election

By Samuel Olaniran In global discussions about online extremism, messaging apps such as WhatsApp often receive less attention than platforms like Facebook, X, or TikTok. Yet WhatsApp has become one of the most powerful political tools in the Global South. Its encrypted design, ubiquity, and integration into everyday social life make it a particularly attractive ...

By Joshua Bowes and Jennifer West Introduction In the immediate aftermath of Donald Trump’s victory in the 2024 presidential election, social media was replete with reactionary misogynistic hate and vitriol. Election experts and disinformation observers pointed to the manosphere as the biggest catalyst of votes for Trump, suggesting that thousands of young men turned out late on election day ...