The cultural construction of sympathiser social identities in the Islamic state’s virtual ecosystem: an analysis of the politics of naming
September 24, 2025
This study explores the politics of naming in the Islamic state (IS) media networks, looking into how sympathisers’ (munāsir-s) virtual identities are socially constructed online. Naming is a discursive practice which is purely ideological in that when sympathisers name themselves online, they re-imagine their roles and the boundaries of their national belonging alongside cultural representations ...
The Online Extremist Ecosystem: Its Evolution and a Framework for Separating Extreme from Mainstream
September 18, 2023
In this Perspective, the authors introduce a framework for internet users to categorize the virtual platforms they use and to understand the likelihood that they may encounter extreme content online. The authors first provide a landscape of the online extremist “ecosystem,” describing how the proliferation of messaging forums, social media networks, and other virtual community ...